Saturday, 11 April 2020

Studying, Learning and the Educational System


Some of my thoughts during the quarantine [8]. So read the footnotes :)
It was 2015. As usual, I woke up and brushed my teeth.  Picking up my phone to check for messages, I realised I was really late for a test. I rushed to the college within the 10th minute; college was quite near after all. Everyone had already settled on their desks, and the supervisor was priming herself to introduce the exercise. You see, it wasn’t just a test. It was a MENSA test—the IQ one. Boy, did I struggle on that; I blame myself for forgetting that morning cup of coffee. When results came out a few days later, I had scored on the 90th percentile [1]. I am very thankful that my college arranged this session and took follow-ups. The 90+%ile scorers integrated into a club of sorts, and student-lecturer mentee-mentor pairs were formed. In the first of our meetings, we discussed the differences between ‘studying’ and ‘learning’.
                Learning was free, fun, unbounded, unstructured, and you could learn anything, anywhere. Studying, on the other hand, was more rigid and structured, associated with the word “syllabus” and taught in educational institutes like schools and colleges. I would like to call studying ‘external’ and learning ‘internal’. To state simply, if you can’t get the “feel” of what you’re doing, you ain’t learning [2].  A celebrated teacher once said that every professional should aim to internalise their art and reach a level where their expertise is like intuition. From my short life till now, it’s clear that such internalisation requires practising what you learn, preferably by yourself. This is the primary thought on which I am basing the rest of this article discussing my perceived ‘actual’ and the general ‘perceived’ ideas about education and education systems.
Schools, and related education systems for the general public, are almost universally hated. A common thought is “if schools just give you the tools to function in the real world [3], why not just hit the books by yourself and be done with it?” I disagree with this. Schools don’t just ‘give’ you the tools; they develop it. They try to get what they’re teaching into your head, and, more importantly, keep it there. That requires practice. That’s why we have classwork and homework and assignments and all that load on our feeble young shoulders. One might even argue that’s another thing you learn—carrying responsibilities you’d much rather not. What do you do once you’ve completed basic schooling? You specialise.
In my junior college [4], I chose to study the basic sciences and a language, for fun. Where I am from, junior college lasts for a mere two years, and most students spend that time studying for various entrance examinations like the JEE or NEET. Since that is what I did, I will focus on that. Many students go to external tuition classes. Whatever the motivations of the students, one thing is in common: the syllabus is vast, and you’ve got to solve a LOT of practice questions. Here comes a point where I would like to distinguish between learning and rote learning. In the simplest terms I can put it, in ‘real’ learning, you appreciate what you are learning. As much as I hate to admit it, rote learning is a kind of learning—you can memorise anything anytime and however you want, though it doesn’t particularly fit in with the notion of fun. The action involved in doing so is repetition, the same as in ‘real’ learning. Is rote learning, then, visibly indistinguishable from ‘real’ learning? At this stage of education in a highly competitive environment, everyone seems smart, but is it just their memory or are they ‘really’ smart? [5]
One possible difference is that ‘real’ learning involves practice (or repetition) by various approaches. A strategy to distinguish ‘real’ learners from ‘rote’ learners comes from the board examinations—the HOTS questions, supposed to test higher-order thinking skills. The solutions to such problems are extremely tedious and laborious if one decides to go by the standard, well-trodden method. The trick to solving them is, quite literally, a trick. You need to really understand the system and make some kind of connection based on prior knowledge which dramatically simplifies the problem. I like the concept but disagree with the name.
I saved elaborating what I mean by “appreciating what you learn” for right now. Suppose you learn of a new phenomenon. Would you like to memorise what happens as is, or would you like to learn why it happens? If you want to understand why it happens, you need to explain it to yourself in terms that you understand, specifically in terms you know already. For example, a ball rolls when placed on an inclined plane. If you store this information as is—without reading into it or thinking about it any deeper—would you be able to answer the following questions: (1) what will happen if a ball is placed on a flat plane? (2) what will happen if a ball is placed on an inclined plane in the absence of gravity? (3) what will happen if a ball is placed on an inclined plane with a frictionless surface? While learning about rolling balls during the physics class in school, you must have, knowingly or unknowingly, deconstructed this phenomenon and stored it as a consequence of geometry, gravity and friction. Gravity pulls the ball downwards. Geometry constrains the path to be along the surface on the inclined plane. Finally, friction stops the ball from just slipping or sliding down and causes it to roll. In a way, it’s not higher-order thinking, but thinking from a more fundamental viewpoint.
After schooling, you decide what you want to be [6]. You take the first steps towards being that, in terms of curricular activities. College lecturers are not as invested in personally monitoring the students (at least in my experience), and that (in my opinion) is rightly so. Your teachers, at some point or the other, must have mentioned that you need to break the habit of being spoon-fed and take more initiative in learning and other activities. You need to buck up and focus on cracking the entrance exams, after which you’ll take the second major step towards being what you want to be.
Again, since I’m doing a bachelor’s course in applied science, my observations are limited to this kind of education. The conclusions, however, can probably be generalised a bit further. In my first year, we dove back into the very fundamentals. Courses repeated what we learned for the JEE (to an extent) in a format more structured towards its use in the field. Then, we essentially revisited basic arithmetic with balance calculations, this time in a more ‘realistic’ setting. In the second year, we studied how materials interact and why they do so. Everything from the third year onwards was based on the prior knowledge (the fundamental tools of the art) we had developed so far. It was taught in terms of, and the problems had to be solved in terms of, prior knowledge. Diving into the nitty-gritty, we again zoomed out in the final year, looking at the bigger picture and the field as a whole. Painters understand their colours and brush strokes, using which they develop various techniques. Ultimately, these techniques create the painting, and the painters step back to admire their work. It doesn’t end here—at least for those pursuing higher studies. Now you apply to a centre of learning you like, even more aware of what you want to be. Once there, there’s a lot to study and a lot to learn. However, nearly all of that is left up to you [7].
I would like to add a note about online courses, which many—including me—have subscribed to during these quarantimes [8]. Online courses do give you a sizeable amount of information in a structured format—you’re studying. However, if you are not going to use what you’re studying immediately or often, you are most likely going to forget it, like an obscure nursery rhyme wiped off your memory in its entirety. Fortunately, since online courses are usually on-the-side exercises, the situation is generally harmless. Proper “offline” courses, however, need to (to an extent) ascertain your abilities before handing you a degree. There’s a lot of value (= $$) attached to the legitimacy they grant. I plan to elaborate more on this in a separate article.
As you move up the educational ladder, lesser is taught to you while you have more to study. The shoulders bear the additional weight of learning by yourself. As society [9] gradually pulls back on making you learn, the freedom to learn what you want paves the way to self-actualisation. So, what are you going to learn today?
Footnotes:
[1]    The 90th percentile means I have a higher IQ than 90% of the people (at least in MENSA’s database). As the preceding sentence suggests, I expected a higher score. Says something, doesn’t it?

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